Understanding drivers of population performance is critical for effective wildlife management. For ungulates, such as white-tailed deer, adult survival is typically high and stable. Conversely, juvenile survival is highly variable, an important determinant of population growth, and influenced by environmental stochasticity, landscape characteristics, and land management. We assessed population performance of white-tailed deer not exposed to predator control, supplemental feed, or harvest on working rangelands in South Texas, USA.
